The Effects of Passive Probe Ground Leads
This article explains how the inductance of passive probe ground leads can dramatically reduce effective bandwidth, distort measurements, and introduce resonance and frequency-response errors.
PCIe 6.0’s move to PAM4 signaling introduces new compliance pattern measurements—SNDR, RLM, and ps21TX—that require updated test methodologies and noise-aware analysis.
PCIe 6.0 compliance requires SNDR and RLM results with oscilloscope noise removed—these three methods show how to compensate noise accurately in real test setups.